Faculty Advisor(s)
Anthony Serino
Files
Download Poster (482 KB)
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related condition represented by progressive changes in muscle physiology that results in the loss of muscle mass and strength. The onset varies amongst individuals and can be influenced by various factors. On the cellular level, mitochondrial dysfunction and disruptions at neuromuscular junctions have been associated with the progression of sarcopenia. The condition ultimately reduces mobility, increases mortality, and hinders quality of life in older populations, necessitating an understanding of effective therapies.
Exercise was linked to symptom reduction of sarcopenia. Evidence indicated aerobic exercise and anaerobic exercise influence distinct molecular pathways involved in muscle physiology. Literature assessed the roles of anaerobic and aerobic exercise in influencing molecular pathways, specifically in relation to mitochondrial function, NMJ integrity, and protein synthesis.
Findings from the analysis found that aerobic exercise functions through the Sesn2, AMPK/PGC-1α, and β-HB/HCAR2-PPARG signaling pathways. Collectively, these pathways improved mitochondrial biogenesis, reduced oxidative stress, and improved cellular metabolism to limit muscle atrophy. In contrast, anaerobic exercise promoted muscle hypertrophy through PGC-1α4 pathways. PGC-1α4 was involved in the activation of IGF1, repression of myostatin, and enhanced glycolysis which increased hypertrophy. Anaerobic exercise was linked to enhanced satellite cell availability and upregulated neuromuscular communication for improved functionality.
In all, anaerobic exercise specifically targets mechanisms for muscle growth and strengthening to counteract the atrophy and muscular decline of sarcopenia, while aerobic exercise creates the cellular conditions necessary for muscular growth. Therefore, both exercise types should be utilized together to generate maximal activation of physiological pathways and most effectively mitigate sarcopenia.
Publication Date
2026
Document Type
Poster
Department
Biology
Keywords
sarcopenia, aerobic exercise, anaerobic exercise
Disciplines
Biology | Life Sciences
Recommended Citation
Farrer, Ella B., "Assessing Aerobic and Anaerobic Exercise as Therapies for Sarcopenia" (2026). Student Research Poster Presentations 2026. 9.
https://digitalcommons.misericordia.edu/research_posters2026/9